The pyramidal eminence, the bony portion of the Eustachian tube, the semicanal of the tensor tympani muscle, and the cochleariform process were visualized completely or partially in all cases. According to its position in relation to the round window, the fustis was classified into type A (68.9%) or B (31.1%). Of the 45 MEs evaluated, type A was predominant for finiculus (93.3%), subiculum (100%), and ponticulus (95.6%). The facial canal was open and protruding in 15/45 (33.3%) and in 7/45 (15.5%) specimens, respectively. The EAC is easily delineated, measuring 2.5 cm in length, extending from the external auditory meatus to the tympanic membrane.
Ossicles were seen in 13/45 (28.8%), stapes at the oval window were seen in 12/45 (26.6%), and the incus was seen in 1/45 (2.2%) specimens. The anterior wall of the EAM was prominent in 10/48 specimens (20.8%). Out of 50 specimens, 2 had exostosis of the EAM and 3 contained remains of the tympanic membrane. The EAM and the ME were studied in dry temporal bones using an endoscopic transcanal approach with a telescope connected to a smartphone (M-scope mobile endoscope app and adaptador, GBEF Telefonia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil). To study the anatomy of the ME and of the EAM in dry temporal bones using a smartphone-endoscope system. This enables accurate referral to a specialized clinician to identify and eventually treat the underlying metabolic or hematologic disease.The endoscopic anatomy of the middle ear (ME) and of the external acoustic meatus (EAM) has been described in cadavers, in fresh temporal bones, or in vivo using conventional video recording, but not in dry bones or using an alternative inspection and recording technique. synonyms: auditory canal, auditory meatus, ear canal, external auditory canal. When features are overlapping, immunohistochemistry can be necessary.Conclusionsince different subtypes of xanthoma have specific clinical and histopathological features and are associated with typical underlying disease, in our opinion histopathologic confirmation, especially in the pediatric patient, is important. Besides the clinical presentation, characteristic histopathological features can confirm the diagnosis. Literature on the existence of xanthomata in the head and neck area is rare and there are no case reports in the pediatric population to the best of our knowledge. The present work was design to study the anatomical features and radiographic appearance of auricle and external acoustic meatus of cattle and buffalo. However, they can be present in normolipemic patients and are also associated with hematologic disease.
We furthermore described the pathologic and immunohistochemical characteristics.Resultsxanthomas are mostly seen in patients with lipid metabolism disorders or hyperlipidemia. The vestibulocochlear nerve, or the eighth cranial nerve (CN VIII), is the sensory nerve which consists of two divisions. We describe and resume the current literature on xanthomas in the head and neck area.Methodsclinical and intraoperative findings are reported and the presumed mechanisms for the emergence of xanthomas are discussed. 1/3 Synonyms: Cranial nerve VIII, CN VIII, show more. Objectivesa unique case of a xanthoma in the external ear canal of a pediatric patient is presented in this case report.
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